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Unexpectedly high memory usage in Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS

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I have noticed for a while now that my system seems to be using up my memory much more quickly than I would expect. When it gets like this, I do notice it slowing down a bit at time, and my fan starts to spin aggressively (though maybe this latter thing is a separate issue?). I have tried googling around to understand what is going on (for example, I came across High memory usage that cannot be traced to a service or application and https://www.linuxatemyram.com/), but I haven't yet found a satisfying answer. What are reasons that my computer would be using much more memory (close to 100% of RAM and swap) than is reported by the running applications?

Currently, free -m outputs

               total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   availableMem:           15337       14538         386          14         411         454Swap:          20480       15442        5038

A rough estimate of the amount of memory my running applications are using (computed with ps -o %mem ax | tail -n +2 | paste -sd+ | bc) is 47.6%. Also, if I open up System Monitor and try manually adding up the amounts in the Memory column, then I again don't get a value close to the total reported amount of used memory.

Running arcstat -a outputs

    time  hits  miss  read  hit%  miss%  dhit  dmis  dh%  dm%  phit  pmis  ph%  pm%  mhit  mmis  mread  mh%  mm%  arcsz  size     c   mfu   mru  mfug  mrug  eskip  el2skip  el2cach  el2el  el2mfu  el2mru  el2inel  mtxmis  dread  pread  grow  need  free  avail  waste13:14:22     0     0     0     0      0     0     0    0    0     0     0    0    0     0     0      0    0    0   5.0K  5.0K  479M     0     0     0     0      0        0        0      0       0       0        0       0      0      0     1     0  830M   235M      0

The output of running arc_summary can be found here. I put it in pastebin since askubuntu limits the number of characters in this question.

I can't say I know how to parse all this output, but to my naive eyes, this doesn't seem to indicate much memory is being used by ARC caches (at least, the ARC size (current) row reports a small number). Also, zfs get comprresion produces no output.

Similarly, running df -hl -t"tmpfs" outputs the following, which again doesn't seem to account for much of my "missing" memory usage.

Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted ontmpfs           1.5G  4.0M  1.5G   1% /runtmpfs           7.5G  260K  7.5G   1% /dev/shmtmpfs           5.0M  8.0K  5.0M   1% /run/locktmpfs           7.5G     0  7.5G   0% /run/qemutmpfs           1.5G  228K  1.5G   1% /run/user/1000

If it helps, cat /proc/meminfo outputs

MemTotal:       15705548 kBMemFree:          672004 kBMemAvailable:     838776 kBBuffers:            2060 kBCached:           329484 kBSwapCached:       258588 kBActive:          3268524 kBInactive:        3574140 kBActive(anon):    3095044 kBInactive(anon):  3439264 kBActive(file):     173480 kBInactive(file):   134876 kBUnevictable:         340 kBMlocked:             340 kBSwapTotal:      20972540 kBSwapFree:        4630972 kBZswap:                 0 kBZswapped:              0 kBDirty:               452 kBWriteback:             0 kBAnonPages:       6253600 kBMapped:           191184 kBShmem:             22852 kBKReclaimable:     194792 kBSlab:             588360 kBSReclaimable:     194792 kBSUnreclaim:       393568 kBKernelStack:       75888 kBPageTables:       194976 kBSecPageTables:         0 kBNFS_Unstable:          0 kBBounce:                0 kBWritebackTmp:          0 kBCommitLimit:    28825312 kBCommitted_AS:   46712256 kBVmallocTotal:   34359738367 kBVmallocUsed:      231560 kBVmallocChunk:          0 kBPercpu:            19776 kBHardwareCorrupted:     0 kBAnonHugePages:         0 kBShmemHugePages:        0 kBShmemPmdMapped:        0 kBFileHugePages:         0 kBFilePmdMapped:         0 kBHugePages_Total:       0HugePages_Free:        0HugePages_Rsvd:        0HugePages_Surp:        0Hugepagesize:       2048 kBHugetlb:               0 kBDirectMap4k:    11380384 kBDirectMap2M:     4728832 kBDirectMap1G:           0 kB

The only other thing I can think to add is a screenshot of the resources tab of System Monitor.enter image description here

Let me know if there is anything else I can do to help figure out what's going on.


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